A pressuremeter is a tool that is used to assess the stress-strain relationships of in-situ soil by pouring it into a borehole to a specific depth. It is also known as a Menard pressuremeter because it was invented by Menard of France. This allows the horizontal earth pressure of the soil, elastic modulus of the soil, and other properties to be determined at rest. Finding the stress-strain relationship of in-situ soil with a pressuremeter test is a rapid and simple process. The results of this test can be used to help design foundations. Pressuremeter Pressuremeter Components The pressuremeter is made up of three parts:Control unit for probe tubing The probe is made up of three cells that are stacked one on top of the other, as indicated in the diagram. The three cells are all inflated.
Table of Contents
What is a Pressuremeter
As illustrated in the image, the entire probe setup is normally shielded by a metal shield. A stiff hollow tube is placed through the three cells to pump water and gas into the measuring and guard cells. The control unit is placed near the borehole and is connected to tubing through hollow cables in order to adjust the pressure in the cells by pumping water and gas and to read the test results. Soil Pressuremeter Test Pressuremeter Test on Soil Procedure The test procedure is divided into three steps: Borehole drilling The probe is positioned in the bore bole. Performing a test Borehole Drilling The borehole is not drilled using Menard’s pressuremeter. Separate drilling equipment is required to drill a borehole.
After drilling the hole, cables are used to lower the probe to the desired elevation. Slowly lower the probe to avoid upsetting the surrounding soil or the equipment itself. The probe is clamped once it has reached the desired elevation. In the Borehole Conducting a Soil Pressuremeter Test After the probe has been properly positioned, it is now time to fill the probe’s cells with water and gas. The pressuremeter’s control unit is used to carry out this action. The control unit’s valves are opened, allowing water and gas into the measuring cell and guard cells, respectively. Both the measuring and guard cells are kept at the same pressure. The soil wall of the borehole is now subjected to measuring cell pressure.
Parts of Pressuremeter
The equivalent pressure increment method involves setting a time limit (usually one minute) and a pressure increment value for that duration. The volume change is observed after the period has passed. Similarly, the same pressure increments are applied for the next one minute, and the volume change is documented. This technique is repeated until just a little amount of pressure remains. In most cases, ten equal pressure increments during a ten-minute period are sufficient to attain the pressure limit. The probe volume is increased by 5% for each iteration in the equivalent volume increment approach. The probe is held steady for 30 seconds after each increment. The pressure readings are taken every 30 seconds. Finally, the reading will aid in the development of the stress-strain curve.
The pressuremeter test is an in-situ testing method that is often used to provide a quick and uncomplicated measurement of the soil’s in-situ stress-strain relationship, which offers parameters like the elastic modulus. Procedure and description The pressuremeter test is an in-situ testing method for determining the soil’s stress-strain relationship in real time. The pressuremeter test is carried out by applying pressure to the sidewalls of a borehole and watching the resulting deformation. The read-out device, which sits on the ground surface, and the probe, which is placed into the borehole, make up the pressuremeter (ground). The original Ménard-type pressuremeter was intended to be dropped into a performed hole and applied uniform pressure to the surrounding area.
Drilling Borehole
The method of installation of the instrument into the ground is the most significant distinction between pressuremeter types. There are three primary types of pressuremeters: The borehole pressuremeter is fitted into a hole that has been completed. The self-boring pressuremeter is a device that is self-bored into the ground to reduce the amount of sol disturbance produced by insertion. Pressuremeters that are shoved into the ground from the bottom of a borehole are known as displacement pressuremeters. The dirt displaced by the probe during insertion enters the instrument’s body, decreasing the amount of soil disturbance (see Cone-pressuremeter). The interpretation of results and the determination of material attributes from pressuremeter testing can be done in a variety of ways. These methods, in general, rely on empirical correlations to allow pressure co-ordinates to be measured.
The pressuremeter probe is put into the borehole and held in place at the test depth. The probe is an inflated flexible membrane that expands to apply even pressure on the borehole’s walls. The walls of the borehole begin to deform as the pressure rises and the membrane expands. The pressure inside the probe is kept constant for a set amount of time, and the volume increase required to keep the pressure constant is recorded. The pressuremeter can be used for two different sorts of tests. The pressure is increased in equal increments in the stress controlled test, while the volume is increased in equal increments in the strain controlled test. A pressuremeter is a device that measures “at-rest horizontal earth pressure.”
Positioning of Probe in Borehole
Hard clays, dense sands, and worn rock cannot be evaluated with push equipment, hence the pressuremeter is utilised. Engineers can use it to create foundations that will remain stable in these situations. Pressuremeters are classified into three categories. The most popular type of pressuremeter is the borehole pressuremeter, which includes a probe that is placed into a prepared hole (borehole). A self-boring pressuremeter is the second type of pressuremeter. To avoid disruption, the self-boring pressuremeter has a probe that is self-bored into the ground. A cone pressuremeter is the third type of pressuremeter. The cone pressuremeter has a cone-shaped probe that is put into the borehole’s base and displaces the soil into the probe’s cone, causing less disturbance.
The pressuremeter test, out of all the in-situ soils tests, has the best chance of enhancing our understanding of in-situ soil behaviour and our capacity to identify analytical and design parameters. Because the test directly offers the soil’s load-deformation response, it is feasible to acquire the constitutive relationship of the in-situ soil with accurate interpretation. The goal of this study was to learn more about how test techniques and specific soil conditions affect the interpretation of pressuremeter tests and how that influences the assessment of soil stress-strain and strength characteristics. Strain rate, pore pressure creation and dissipation, and borehole disturbance all had an impact on the generated pressuremeter and interpreted stress-strain curves. These variables were discovered to have a considerable impact on the stress-strain response.
Results of Pressuremeter Test
Pressuremeter Testing At Bluefield Geo service Testing Services for Pressuremeters We supply a selection of testing equipment to meet all ground conditions, for both offshore and onshore application, based on our 30 years of pressuremeter testing knowledge. In both offshore and onshore geotechnical engineering, pressuremeter testing is a critical instrument for determining the tiny strain modulus of soils. To give our clients the most flexibility, we can supply pressuremeter services with or without an operator, depending on whether the client has people with appropriate training and expertise. Pressuremeter testing is a reliable in-situ method of determining a variety of soil parameters. Its primary application is in assessing the strength and stiffness of soils and rocks in situ.
The pressuremeter is used to test hard clays, dense sands and weathered rock.
The pressuremeter consists of two parts, the read-out unit which rests on the ground surface.
A modulus is then determined to reflect the relation between volume change and pressure.
Also Check
Components or Materials of Concrete and their Storage Methods